Quiz Reviews

Hello everyone! Below you will find review questions and flashcards for the upcoming quiz on Monday, February 9th.

You can also go to the Unit 5: Learning unit page for more practice.

Unit 5 Quiz Practice Questions

Unit 5 Study Guide: Slides & Terms to Know

Unit 5 Study Guide: Learning and Behavior

Topic 5.1: Classical Conditioning (Learning by Association)

Classical conditioning involves learning to link a neutral stimulus to a natural, automatic response.

• Key Components:

  • Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): The natural trigger (e.g., a dog bite).

  • Unconditioned Response (UCR): The natural reaction (e.g., pain/fear from the bite).

  • Conditioned Stimulus (CS): The learned trigger (e.g., seeing a dog).

  • Conditioned Response (CR): The learned reaction to the CS (e.g., anxiety when seeing a dog).

  • Generalization: Reacting to things similar to the original trigger (e.g., fearing all dogs after one bite).

  • Extinction: When the learned response fades because the CS is no longer paired with the UCS.

  • Biological Preparedness: We are biologically wired to learn certain associations, like food aversions, much faster than others.

Topic 5.2: Operant Conditioning (Learning by Consequences)

Operant conditioning focuses on how voluntary behaviors change based on what happens after the behavior.

• Reinforcement (Increases Behavior):

  • Positive Reinforcement: Adding something pleasant (e.g., praise or stickers).

  • Negative Reinforcement: Removing something annoying (e.g., stopping a parent's nagging).

• Punishment (Decreases Behavior):

  • Positive Punishment: Adding something unpleasant (e.g., extra chores or a speeding ticket).

  • Negative Punishment: Removing something good (e.g., taking away phone privileges).

• Other Terms 

  • Shaping: Rewarding small, step-by-step improvements toward a difficult goal.

  • Learned Helplessness: Giving up after repeated failures because you feel you have no control.

Topic 5.3: Social and Cognitive Learning

Learning isn't always about rewards and punishments; sometimes it's all in your head or from watching others.

• Social/Observational Learning: Learning by watching a "model" (another person).

  • Albert Bandura: Famous for the Bobo Doll experiment showing kids imitate what they see.

• Cognitive Learning:

  • Latent Learning: Learning that stays "hidden" until there is a reason or reward to show it.

  • Cognitive Map: A mental layout or map of your surroundings.

  • Insight Learning: The "Aha!" moment where a solution appears suddenly.

Flashcards